American National Standard 359-2004 is the fundamental Information Technology industry consensus standard for RBAC. In 2000, NIST proposed a unified model for RBAC, based on the Ferraiolo-Kuhn (1992) model, in the framework developed by Sandhu et al (1996). The model was further refined within the RBAC community and has been adopted by the American National Standards Institute, International Committee for Information Technology Standards (ANSI/INCITS) as ANSI INCITS 359-2004.